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BANCROFT    LIBRARY 


Authorized  Capital,  $200,000.      Paid-np  Capital,  $50,000. 


SAN  MIGUEL 

National  Bank 

OF  LAS  VEGAS, 

Las  Vegas,    -    New  Mexico. 


JACOB  GROSS,  Cashier,        MIGUEL  A,  OTERO,  President. 


MIGUEL  A.  OTEKO,  JOSEPH  ROSENWALD, 

EMANUEL  ROSENWALD,  JESUS  S.  GARCIA, 

ANDRES  SENA,  LORENZO  LOPEZ, 

DAVID  WINTERNITZ. 


Correspondence  Solicited. 


Hopper  Bros., 


Dealers  in 


Staple  and  Fancy  Groceries, 

Also  Proprietors  of  the 

Delmonico  Kestaurant, 

The  only  first-class  place  for  meals  and  clean 
beds.    Kates,  81.  5O  per  day. 

East  Las  Vegas,   N.  M. 

A.   O.  ROBBINS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

Furniture,  Glassware, 


Lamps  and  Lamp  Fixtures, 

—  AND— 

Undertaking  Goods, 

LAS  VEGAS,—  N.  M.—  SANTA  FE. 


D.  P.  SHIELDS, 

Attorney-at-Law, 

Proprietor  of  Abstracts  of  Titles  for 
San  Miguel  County, 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


J.  N.   FURLONG, 

Portrait  and  Landscape 

PHOTOGRAPHER. 

A  large  number  of  Views  of  New 
Mexico,   Las  Yegas,  and   Sur- 
rounding Country  always 
on  hand. 

L,as  Vegas,  N.  M. 


Boston  Clothing  House 

Levy,  Cohn  &  Co., 

Deal  Exclusively  in 

Clothing  and  Gents'  Furnishing  Goods, 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 
J.  M.  CUNNINGHAM, 

Homeopathic  Physician 


Las  Vegas  and  Hot   Springs, 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Geo.  Croxford, 

Manufacturer  of 


Saddles  and  Harness. 

Best   California  Trees 

Always  on  hand.    Shop  on  Plaza  at  W.  H. 

Shupp's  old  stand  near  Chas.  Blan- 

c  hard'  a  Store. 

PRICKS  TO  SUIT  THE  TIMES. 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 
JULIUS  GBAAF  &  CO., 

Proprietors  of  the 

City  Bakery  and  Restaurant, 

Dealers  in 

Groceries,  Confectionery,  California  Fruits, 

Canned  Goods, 

Tobacco  and  Cigars, 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


See  Hutchinson  &  Co.  for  Transportation  to  the  Hot  Springs. 


o. 


Wholesale  and  Retail 

Hardware,  Miners9  Supplies, 


Iron,    Steel,  Nails,   Etc., 

Farming  Tools  and  Machinery. 

Immense  stock  on  hand. 

Buckeye  Reapers  and  Mowers. 

Manufacture  all  kinds 

TIN,    COPPER    AND    SHEET   IRON. 

Wholesale  Store :  Ketail  Store : 

East  Las  Vegas.         West  Las  Vegas. 


The  White. 


WM,  H.  E  ALLISON,  Agent 

East  Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 


White  Sewing  Machine 


Is  superior  to  all  others.  Is  the  lightest  running  machine  in  the 
world.  Almost  noiseless,  easily  adjusted.  New  and  in  perfect  run- 
ning order.  Warranted  for  five  years,  and  sold  cheaper  than  any 
other  machine. 

OILS,  NEEDLES  and  ATTACHMENTS  for  ALL  MACHINES 

AT     WHOLESALE     AND     RETAIL. 

Telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to,    Hutchinson  &  Co.,  Las  Vegas  Livery  Stable. 


TO    STTIT    THE    TIls/CES. 


C_ 

-  Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  - 


One  square  south  of  Plaza,  on  south  side  Pacific  Street, 

Las  Vegas,  —  New  Mexico  |  —  Albuquerque. 

CARRIAGE    TRIMMING     DONE    TO    ORDER. 


Successor  to  Samuel  Koiin, 

-  Dealer  in  - 

Wool,  Hidesr  Pelts  and  Furs* 

Highest  Cash  Price  Paid. 
LAS    VEGAS,        -        NEW   MEXICO. 


N.    J.   PETTIJOHN,  M.   D., 

Consulting  Physician  at  the  Hot  Springs. 

Chronic  Diseases  and  Diseases  of  Females  a  Specialty. 

Mackley  House 

A.   XTESBXT,  Proprietor, 
East    Las   Vegas,  New   Mexico. 

The  House  is  opposite  the  Depot,  and  Passengers  take  Breakfast  and 
Supper  here.     Charge  Reasonable. 

See  Hutchinson  &  Co.  for  Transportation  to  the  Hot  Springs. 


The  Illustrations  in  this  work  were  made  by 

The  Northwestern  Engraving  Co., 

182-184  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 

Wood  Engraving,  Photo-Process  Engraving, 

Drawing  and  Designing,  Etc. 

Drawings  and  cuts  duplicated  by  all  the  best  and  cheapest  processes.      The 
greatest  attention  will  be  given  to 

PROMPTNESS  AND  SCIENTIFIC  ACCURACY. 

Estimates  furnished  on  application,  and  directions  given  for  preparing  draw" 
ings.     Correspondence  invited  regarding  all  kinds  of 

Railroad  Work,  Maps,  Letter  Heads,  Etc. 

Specimens  and  rates  will  be  furnished,  but  it  is  desirable  that  we  should  have 
the  copy  before  us  in  estimating  cost,  as  we  will  use  in  all  cases  the  cheapest  pro- 
which  is  adapted  to  the  job  in  hand. 


GKE3O. 


LETTER-PRESS  PRINTER 

69  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

JPrinting  in,  all  its  branches  executed  -with 
dispatch  in  the  highest  style,  of  the  art  at  the 
lowest  possible  Cash  JPrices.  Orders  ~by  Wire  or 
JMTail  will  receive  prompt  attention.  JSstLmates 
cheerfully  furnished.  Correspondence  invited. 


European  Hotel 

In  the  Optic  Block,  with  Fur- 
nished Booms  to  Bent, 


East  Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 


Metropolitan  Bestaurant.        „  .  ,  nr   ,,  n  ,,.  ,.      n 

Hotel  World  Publishing  Co,, 

H.  J.  BOHN  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 

No.  69  Dearborn  St.,       Chicago,  111. 
Books  and  Pamphlets  published 


promptly  on  short  notice  in 
the  best  style  of  the  art, 
and  upon  advanta- 
geous   terms. 

Send  for  Estimates. 


ISIDORE  STERN, 


Wholesale  and  Eetail  Dealer  in 


General  Merchandise, 

Consisting  of 

Dry  Goods,  Gents'  Furnishing  Goods,   Clothing,    Gro- 
ceries, Wines,  Liquors,  Drugs,  Stationery,  Boots,  Shoes, 
Hats,  Caps,    Carpets,    Hardware,  Queens  ware, 
Tinware.  Highest  Cash  Prices  paid  for 
Hides,  Wool  and  Furs. 

EAST  AND  WEST  LAS  VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 

ON  SOUTH  SIDE  OF  THE  PLAZA. 

MARGARITO  ROMERO, 


DEALER  IN 


iEHERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

Goods  Sold  Strictly  for  Cash  and  at  a  Small  Profit. 

West  Side  of  Plaza,       Las  Yegas,  N.  M. 
Branch  Store,       La  Cuesta,  N.  M. 


Wholesale  Dealer  in 


Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


IMI-    DHCEICSEL 


WHOLESALE 


.    IE3IIEZSIE 

•WHOLESALE 


Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars,     Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars, 


LAS  VEGAS,  N.   M. 


SANTA  FE,  N.  M. 


MEHDEKHALL  &  CO., 


FEED   STABLE, 

Las  Vegas  %  Hot  Springs,  N.  M. 


Bus  to  all  Trains,  and  Daily  Hack  to  and 
from  the  Hot  Springs. 

Telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to.    Hutchinson  &  Co,,  Las  Vegas  Livery  Stable. 


GEOFFRIOH  &  DESMARAIS, 


-Dealers  in- 


General  Merchandise, 

SOUTH    SIDE    PLAZA, 

Las  Vegas,         -         XTew  Mexico. 


Miguel    D.    Marcus, 

-  Dealer  in  - 

Fancy  and  Staple  Groceries. 

Fresh  Fruits  and  Vegetables  are  Specialties. 

East  XJGUS  "Vegras,      -     ^e^xr  ZfcvEescico. 

ine  Assortment  of  Cigars  and  Tobaccos.       Cash  Paid  for  Hides  and  Pelts. 


T 

J. 

FANCYand  STAPLE  GROCERIES 

Eastern  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 


E.  G.  HILTY.  I.  D.  HILTY. 


Dealers  in- 


,    1ST- 


Inquire  at  Hotels  for  Hutchinson  &  Co.'s  Livery  Stables. 


Charles  Wheelock, 

Architect  and  Superintendent, 

Office  in  Jesuite  Building, 
South  First  Street, 

LAS    VEGAS,  N.  *fl. 

Will  furnish  Plans,  Specifica- 
tions, and  Estimates  for  all  kinds 
of  Mechanical  Structures,  such  as 
Court  Houses,  School  Houses, 
Jails,  Business  Houses,  Hotels, 
Churches,  Banks,  Residences, 
Bridges,  Etc. 


MYER,  FRIEDMAH  &  BROM 


-Dealers  in- 


1      J.JLJ.UL  VFJt      JL     VJL  VMI      JL    U.J.  Mt 

Carriages,  Buggies,  Blackboards,  Etc., 
VECAS,  1TEW  MEXICO- 


-Manufacturer  of- 


Wagons  and  Carriages, 

-  And  General  Dealer  in  - 

Wagon  and  Carriage  Material, 

Keeps  constantly  on  hand  a  large  stock  of 

Iron  and  Steel,  Wheels,  Springs,  Axles,  Thimbles, 
Skeins,  Pipe  Boxes  and  Chains. 

Have  Employed  a  First-Class  Carriage  Trimmer. 

In  connection  with  the  above  I  have  the  best  Shoeing"  Shop  in  the  Territory. 
Repairing  done  on  short  notice  and  on  reasonable  terms. 


Las   Vegas,    New    Mexico. 


Telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to,    Hutchinson  &  Co,,  Las  Vegas  Livery  Stable. 


Mills'  Hand-Book  of  Mining  Laws  and  Guide  to  New  Mexico. 

We  jihave  now  in  press  and  will  be  ready  for  delivery  in  a  few  weeks  just 
what  you  need — our  Hand  Book  of  Mining-  L<aws  and  Guide  to  New 
Mexico.  It  contains  about  140  pages,  and  is  a  work  needed  by  every  attorney, 
miner,  prospector,  speculator,  agent,  recorder,  broker  and  business  man  in  the 
mining  States  and  Territories ;  and  all  those  who  are  contemplating  emigrating 
to  ou&  territory  or  the  mining  districts  of  the  Union.  It  contains  the  best  map 
ever  published  of  New  Mexico,  and  gives  the  best  route  of  transportation.  It  is 
a  complete,  handy  reference  book  on  all  questions  under  the  United  States 
Mining"  Laws  ;  the  latest  and  most  reliable  work  published  on  the  subject. 
I*rice  only  One  Dollar.  Sent  postpaid  by  addressing 

T.   B.   MILLS,  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 

JAFFA  BROS.,  Trinidad,  Col.  JAFFA  BROS.,  Albuquerque,  N.  M- 


Dealers  in 

GENERAL  MERCHANDISE 

Keep  on  hand  a  full  stock  of   everything  generally  wanted  by  Farmers, 
Travelers,  Miners,  Stockmen.  Staple  and  Fancy  Goods  at  all  their 
Stores.       Wholesale   and  Retail  at  Lowest   Market 
Prices.      Call  and  see  them. 

East  and  West  Las  Vegas. 

TJie  Daily  Opticr 

East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


We  give  All  the  News.     Have  a  general  circulation 

throughout  the  Territory,  affording  an  un- 

equaled  advertising  medium. 

Subscription  Price— $1.00  per  Month,  $iO.OO  per  Year. 

Editor  and  Proprietor. 


See  Hutchinson  &  Co.  for  Transportation  to  the  Hot  Springs. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


OF 


LAS  VEGAS, 


NEW  MEXICO, 


BY 


H.  T.   WILSON. 


PUBLISHED   BY 

THE  HOTEL  WORLD  PUBLISHING  CO., 

E.  J.  BOI1N  A  CO.,  Proprietors. 

No.  69  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  HI. 


Bancroft  Library 


PREFACE. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  present  a  complete  derailed  account  of 
the  history  of  Las  Vegas  in  a  volume  of  this  size  and  cost.  Great 
pains,  untiring  industry  and  perseverance  were  taken  to  obtain  the 
facts  and  data  in  this  book,  which,  from  the  sources  at  hand  being 
mostly  the  remembrance  of  old  pioneers,  many  of  whom  spoke  a  lan- 
guage foreign  to  the  writer,  was  a  task  of  no  small  undertaking. 
The  idea  has  been  to  present  Las  Vegas  and  surrounding  country  "AS 
IT  WAS  and  is"  without  bombast  or  exaggeration,  and  allay  as  much 
as  possible  the  many  misrepresentations  which  have  gone  abroad 
from  too  hasty  and  reckless  writers. 

Every  country  has  its  advantages  and  disadvantages,  which  can 
be  best  ascertained  by  personal  investigation,  and  one  contemplating 
immigration  to  any  country  should  not  fail  to  make  it  before  taking  the 
final  step.  As  nothing  has  ever  been  placed  in  print  concerning  the 
early  history  of  Las  Vegas,  but  little  is  known  of  it  by  most  of  the 
present  inhabitants,  and  I  take  pride  and  pleasure  in  presenting  this 
book  to  my  many  friends  and  patrons. 

Very  Truly  Yours, 

H.  T.  WILSON. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

CHAPTER  I.  ...     7_i6 

The  Past,  including  settlement  of  Las  Vegas,  Historical  Accounts,  Growth  to 
date. 


CHAPTER  H. 17-24 

The  Present,  including  description  of  Las  Vegas,  The  Mexicans,  The  Penitentes. 


CHAPTER  III. 25-27 

The  Future,  including  Advantages,  Facilities,  Basources,  Climate,  etc. 


CHAPTER  IV. 28-37 

Tables,  including  Village,  County  and  Territorial  Officials,  List  of  Governors, 
List  of  Delegates,  Distance  and  Time  Table,  Business  Directory. 


MIGUEL  ROMERO. 
Came  to  this  Section  of  New  Mexico  in  1833. 


CHAPTER  I. 


THE  PAST. 

Settlement  of  Las  Aregas.— Historical  -A.ccoTin.ts.— Growth,  to  Date. 

Las  Vegas  has  not  the  antiquity  that  is  generally  supposed,  or  its  present 
looks  would  easily  lead  one  to  believe.  As  late  as  1830,  it  was  the  hunting 
grounds  of  the  noble  ( ?)  red  man,  and  parties  of  trappers  and  hunters  frequently 


FIRST  HOUSE,  BUILT  BY  MIGUEL  ROMERO,  IK  1833. 

Fs  29x32  feet,  and  about  8  feet  high.    Still  standing,  and  situated  about  half  way  between  Upper  and 

Loioer  Las  Vegas. 

came  through  here  in  their  chase  after  buffalo,  antelope,  other  game,  fish,  and 
furs. 

In  the  early  part  of  1833  a  Mexican  named  Miguel  Eomero  came  here  from 
the  southern  part  of  the  Territory,  settled  on  a  piece  of  land,  and  built  a  little, 
low,  flat  mud  house  (see  illustration)  on  it,  about  midway  between  what  are  now 
called  Upper  and  Lower  Las  Vegas,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  either.  He 
commenced  at  once  to  clear  the  land, — a  light  job — on  the  meadow  he  had  located, 


3  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW   MEXICO. 

put  in  a  small  crop  of  beans,  which  yielded  well,  and  after  they  were  gathered  in 
the  Fall,  he  departed  for  his  southern  home,  owing  to  the  extreme  danger 
occasioned  by  the  then  savage  and  hostile  Indians  which  infested  this  region. 
Each  year  he  returned  in  the  early  Spring,  accompanied  by  his  brothers,  planted 
wheat  and  beans,  and  after  harvest  returned  to  his  family,  until  1840,  when  he 
brought  them  up,  and  made  a  permanent  location. 

In  the  first  of  the  year  1835,  a  party  of  young  Mexicans,  of  San  Miguel, 
attracted  by  the  unusually  rich-looking  meadows  and  rolling  prairie  lands 
in  this  neighborhood,  came  up,  built  them  a  few  triangular  mud  huts,  near  where 
the  Plaza  is  now,  and  were  instrumental  in  framing  the  following  petition,  which 
is  known  as  the  Vegas  Grant : 

SAN  MIGUEL  DEL  BADO,  March  20,  1835. 
Most  Respectful  Corporation: 

The  citizens,  Juan  de  Dios  Maese,  Miguel  Archuleto,  Manuel  Duran,  and 
Jose  Antonio  Casaos,  for  themselves,  and  in  the  name  of  twenty-five  men,  appear 
before  your  honorable  body  in  the  best  and  most  approved  manner,  and  according 
to  law,  and  state,  that  having  registered  a  vacant  and  uncultivated  piece  of  land, 
commonly  known  as  Las  Vegas,  on  the  Gallinas  river,  about  five  leagues  distant 
from  this  settlement,  which  land  we  solicit  for  the  purpose  of  planting  a  mod- 
erate crop ;  to  have  also  the  necessary  lands  for  pasturing  and  watering  places, 
and  having  the  following  boundaries : — On  the  north  the  Sapillo  river,  on  the 
south  the  boundary  of  the  grant  made  to  Don  Antonio  Ortiz,  on  the  east  Aguaga 
de  la  Zegua,  and  on  the  west  the  boundary  of  the  grant  to  San  Miguel  del  Baulo> 
which  grant  we  pray  for  without  any  injury  to  any  third  party,  binding  ourselves 
to  receive  possession  in  the  name  of  the  federation,  and  to  comply  with  the 
reasonable  and  equitable  conditions  which  your  excellency,  by  virtue  of  authority 
conferred  upon  you,  may  be  pleased  to  establish  for  the  grant  of  the  land,  being 
pleased  to  lay  this,  our  petition,  before  the  most  excellent  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion ;  having  first  obtained  the  customary  report,  which  by  law  is  intrusted  to 
your  excellency,  in  order  that  that  most  excellent  body  may  order  the  aforesaid 
grant  to  be  made  to  us,  in  which  the  advancement  of  agriculture,  and  the  well- 
being  of  several  families  without  occupation,  are  interested.  Therefore,  we 
request  and  pray  your  excellency,  that  considering  us  as  having  presented  our- 
selves, to  yield  to  our  petition,  which  we  swear  not  to  be  done  in  malice,  and  in, 
whatever  may  be  necessary,  etc.  MANUEL  DURAN, 

JUAN  DE  Dios  MAESE, 
JOSE  ANTONIO  CASAOS, 
MKJUEL  ARCHULETO. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO.  9 

Their  prayer  was  granted  by  the  most  excellent  deputation  of  the  Territory 
of  New  Mexico,  at  Santa  Fe,  on  the  23rd  of  March,  and  decreed  by  His  Excel- 
lency, the  political  chief  Francisco  Sarracino,  the  following  day,  with  the  injunc- 
tion that  it  should  also  be  for  the  benefit  of  all  who  may  be  destitute  of  lands  to 
cultivate,  or  without  occupation ;  the  pastures  and  watering  places  free  to  all, 
none  receiving  land  to  let  it  remain  uncultivated ;  a  suitable  place  selected  for  a 
town,  surrounded  by  a  wall  to  be  built  in  joint  labor  of  the  inhabitants,  in  a 
manner  to  afford  ample  security  and  protection.  Every  one  to  be  properly 
armed  and  under  the  charge  of  the  lieutenant  of  police  of  that  ward. 

The  settlement  was  entitled  Nuestra  Senora  de  las  Dolores  de  Las  Vegas, 
owing  to  the  rich  meadows  there, — Vegas  meaning  meadows — and  on  the  6th  of 
April,  1835,  Jose  de  Jesus  Ulibarri  y  Duran,  constitutional  justice  of  this  juris- 
diction, came  to  the  new  settlement  and  distributed  5,410  varas  (yards)  of  land  to 
twenty-nine  individuals,  the  number  to  each  person  varying  from  100  to  250 
varas ;  laid  out  the  town  with  certain  number  of  varas  for  a  Plaza,  and  house 
and  garden-plats  for  each ;  designated  places  for  acequies,  or  watering  ditches, 
the  pastures,  and  made  the  plans  for  the  wall  which  was  to  surround  the  town- 

Following  years  up  to,  and  even  including,  1846,  a  great  many  came  in  and 
took  up  land,  William  and  Antony  Donaldson  being  the  first  and  only 
Americans  who  received  any  distribution  under  the  grant,  they  appropriating  a 
small  portion  of  land  where  the  Hot  Springs  are,  in  1840,  but  did  not  cultivate, 
and  in  a  few  years  sold  to  other  foreigners,  as  all  non-Mexicans  were  teamed. 

No  building  was  done  in  1835.  A  few  planted  some  beans,  but  a  terrific  hail 
storm  destroyed  the  crop,  and  the  men  went  back  to  San  Miguel  to  spend  the 
"Winter.  The  early  Spring  of  1836  presented  great  activity,  and  several  log 
huts,  or  jacilies,  were  built,  some  on  that  portion  of  the  Plaza  where  now  stands  j 
the  San  Miguel  Bank.  The  crops  of  corn,  beans,  and  wheat  were  successful 
this  year,  and  at  the  opening  of  1837  the  settlers  were  highly  elated  at  their  new 
acquisition.  More  log  huts  were  built,  and  the  plucky  little  party  toiled  bravely 
on,  fighting  against  the  many  adversities  and  dangers  which  beset  them,  bringing 
all  their  supplies  on  their  backs  from  San  Miguel,  a  distance  of  thirty  miles. 

In  1838  thirty  families  had  settled  in  the  new  land,  and  a  few  adobe  and 
stone  houses  were  erected,  on  the  Mexican  plan,  of  course — low,  flat,  one-story  huts, 
no  windows,  and  rude  holes  for  doors.  A  heavy  frost  came  this  year  before  the 
corn  was  ripe,  and  it  was  supposed  the  settlement  was  ruined,  as  such  a  thing 
had  never  been  seen  or  heard  of  before ;  but  when  the  corn  was  dry,  it  made 
better  and  more  gruel  than  the  same  amount  from  sections  that  had  not  been 
caught,  and  the  occurrence  served  as  a  great  advertisement  to  the  place.  It  got 


10  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 

abroad  that  the  crops  of  this  section  were  much  better,  and  one  could  live  on  n 
less  quantity  than  in  other  older  and  probably  better  neighborhoods. 

Living  as  cheaply  and  on  as  little  labor  as  possible,  was  as  much  an  induce- 
ment in  those  days  as  at  present,  and  in  1840  Las  Vegas  assumed  the  appearance 
of  quite  an  important  little  settlement,  but  mostly  of  poor  people,  however,  as 
the  grant  was  generously  intended  for  those  who  had  no  land  to  cultivate,  were 
destitute  and  out  of  occupation.  Thus,  the  more  fortunate  ones  who  were 
enabled  to  bring  cattle  and  the  usual  farming  implements  of  those  days,  a  crooked 
stick  plow,  sickle,  and  carreto,  or  cart,  were  greatly  looked  up  to.  But  freeness 
and  hospitality  is  one  of  the  great  traits  of  Mexicans,  and  usually  in  farming 
seasons  the  common  practice  was,  the  first  who  arose  in  the  morning  and  obtained 
possession  of  the  cattle,  had  their  use  for  that  day.  Later  on,  and  even  at  the 
present  day,  a  system  of  exchanging  work  was  commenced,  and  proves  very  satis- 
factory. 

The  Indians  were  a  continual  source  of  danger  and  trouble  to  the  settle- 
ment ;  at  no  time  did  they  feel  safe  from  an  attack,  and  often  when  prosperity 
dawned  upon  a  settler,  goodly  little  stores  being  accumulated,  a  few  cattle 
gathered,  or  flock  of  sheep  obtained,  would  the  treacherous  Indians  swoop  down 
upon  them,  in  the  dead  of  night,  massacre  the  sleeping  family,  destroy  their 
possessions,  and  drive  off  the  stock.  But  they  struggled  on,  and  that  year,  1840. 
seemed  to  be  the  starting  point  of  prosperity.  What  is  now  called  Upper  Las 
Vegas,  about  three  miles  from  Lower  Las  Vegas,  was  started  this  year,  and  a 
great  deal  of  stock  was  brought  in.  A  little  trading  post  was  also  established 
this  year,  by  Mr.  L.  J.  Keithly,  who  had  come  in  the  previous  year,  and  was  the 
first  American,  or  non-Mexican,  who  settled  in  Las  Vegas. 

The  people  were  peaceable,  quiet,  and  industrious.  The  Alcctlda,  or  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  was  law  to  the  letter,  and  all  abided  by  his  decisions,  which  were 
always  short  and  simple,  as  in  case  of  debt  was  usually,  "Pay  him,  serve  him,  or 
go  to  jail." 

The  Texans'  raid  on  the. Territory,  in  1841  and  1843;  the  occasional  passing 
of  Kit  Carson  and  other  noted  trappers  and  hunters;  general  gradual  increase  in 
population;  building  of  several  adobes  in  both  towns;  a  Catholic  church  in 
Lower  Las  Vegas ;  occasional  settling  of  a  foreigner ;  passing  of  the  merchant 
train  and  coach  once  a  year  from  Missouri  to  Santa  Fe,  and  frequent  Indian 
depredations,  were  the  principal  features  of  interest  and  excitement,  up  to  1846 
when  the  United  States  took  possession  of  the  Territory,  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Las  Vegas  were* the  first  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  in  the  person  of  their 
Alcalda,  Juan  de  Dios,  to  Gen.  Kearney. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OP  LAS   VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 


11 


Las  Vegas  then  came  under  military  law  with  the  Territory,  but  Gov.  Bent 
was  soon  appointed  by  Gen.  Kearney;  in  a  few  years  a  Legislature  was  organized, 
delegates  to  Congress  elected,  and  the  Territory  became  greatly  Americanized. 

On  Jan.  9, 1848,  the  New  Mexico  Rebellion  broke  out,  and  Gov.  Bent  and 
all  the  Americans  at  Toas,  were  murdered.  But  on  the  arrival  of  the  news  at 
Vegas,  Juan  de  Dios,  the  justice,  immediately  called  a  gathering,  and  addressed 


LAS  YEGAS  IH  1851. 
Showing  Old  Catholic  Church  on  the  Northwest  Corner  of  Plaza. 

the  people  in  such  an  authoritative  manner,  deploring  the  sad  affair,  and  denounc- 
ing the  Toas  murders  in  the  most  stringent  terms,  that  the  American  residents 
here — four  in  number — experienced  no  trouble  or  danger,  and  the  military  soon 
dispelled  the  rebellion. 

In  1850,  the  Plaza  was  completely  surrounded  with  compact  buildings  pre- 
senting a  good  defence  against  the  Indians,  as  the  contemplated  walls  around  the 
town  were  never  built.  Inhabitants  were  about  1,000.  Monthly  mail  and  coach 
came  in  from  Independence,  Mo.,  always  accompanied  by  troops.  Postoffice 
usually  found  in  the  Postmaster's  hat ;  the  position  being  filled  by  Mr.  Keithly 
and  Mr.  Morrison.  Samuel  Streeter  had  started  a  hotel.  The  garrison  of  four 
companies  stationed  here,  under  Col.  Alexander,  made  money  plenty,  times 
good,  and  gambling  a  great  rage.  In  1854  the  garrison  was  transferred  to  Ft. 
Union,  and  caused  quite  a  consternation  among  the  people. 

In  1855  the  heirs  of  Louise  MeC.  de  Baca  commenced  contesting  the  Las 
Vegas  grant,  claiming  they  held  a  prior  Spanish  grant.  After  a  number  of 


12  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 

years  of  fighting,  the  United  States  government  recognized  both  grants  as  valid 
and  offset  the  Spanish  grant  by  giving  the  heirs  500,000  varas  of  unoccupied, 
non-mineral  land,  in  five  square  floats,  or  bodies.  The  owners  of  land  on  the 
Las  Vegas  grant  then  had  surveys  made  and  government  patents  issued  to 
them. 

Times  prospered,  and  in  1860  the  population  was  about  2,500.  Several  good 
stores,  or  trading  posts,  had  been  established;  rough  adobe  houses  were  still 
being  put  up,  and  one  two-story  house,  of  Dr.  Whitlock's,  was  a  wonder  to  all. 
Yesso,  or  mica,  had  been  introduced  as  windows.  A  number  of  foreigners  who 
had  passed  through  in  former  years,  came  in  and  settled;  the  meadows  around 
the  town  made  excellent  resting  and  recruiting  places  for  the  trains  of  freighters 
before  attempting  to  cross  the  mountains  for  Santa  Fe,  and  Las  Yegas  became  a 
port  of  entry  and  exit  to  and  from  the  Territory. 

A  heavy  snow  storm  on  April  11,  1858,  had  killed  considerable  stock,  and 
the  Indians  had  been  a  little  troublesome.  But  in  1862  the  Indian  trouble  was 
settled  by  putting  some  10,000  Navajos,  and  other  wild  tribes,  on  a  reservation  at 
Ft.  Sumner,  and  the  citizens  obtained  fat  contracts  from  the  government  for 
furnishing  them  supplies  until  they  were  moved  to  Ft.  Wingate,  in  1867.  Many 
contracts  were  obtained  for  furnishing  supplies  for  troops  in  this  neighborhood 
during  the  rebellion ;  the  government  trains  all  came  through  here,  and  prosperity 
was  heaped  upon  all. 

The  first  company  of  New  Mexican  mounted  volunteers  was  raised  here  in 
June,  1861,  by  Maj.  Morrison,  and  placed  in  Col.  Kit  Carson's  command.  But 
little  was  seen  of  the  war  here,  and  not  very  much  damage  from  foraging  troops 
experienced.  In  1862  an  epidemic  of  small-pox  caused  great  alarm. 

Up  to  1870  the  progress  was  in  a  gradual,  hardly  perceptible  sort  of  way, 
though  the  population  had  reached  about  4,000.  A  great  deal  of  money  had  been 
made  toy  the  business  men.  Large  stores  had  been  started  by  both  Mexicans 
and  foreigners,  immense  stocks  of  goods  brought  in,  and  sales  were  heavy,  reach- 
ing in  some  instances  the  enormous  sum  of  $30,000  a  month,  and  the  commercial 
importance  of  Las  Yegas  was  firmly  established.  A  good  cash  wool  market  was 
being  well  worked  up ;  weekly  coach  and  mail  came  in ;  telegraph  communications 
were  had  with  Denver  and  Santa  Fe.  The  Hot  Springs  near  town  had  received 
some  attention,  and  obtained  quite  a  little  reputation  as  a  resort  for  invalids. 
The  railroad  had  been  talked  of  a  little ;  freighting  to  Las  Yegas  had  become  an 
important  occupation.  Upper  Las  Yegas  had  decreased,  and  was  more  of  a 
farmers'  residing  place ;  lower  town  became  of  all  the  importance.  A  few  sub- 
stantial business  adobes  had  been  put  up,  but  still  rude  and  on  the  old-style 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   LAS   VEGAS,   NEW   MEXICO.  13 

plans ;  one  or  two  common  hotels  were  running,  but  farming  was  still  in  a  very 
primitive  state.  The  lands  had  to  be  irrigated,  and  some  dry  years  the  yield  of 
provisions  were  barely  sufficient  to  supply  the  home  consumption.  Vegetables 
and  good  meats  were  scarce  and  very  high,  as  were  all  kinds  of  goods  or  merchan- 
dise; for  instance,  potatoes,  25(JJ  a  pound;  apples,  brought  from  the  southern 
country  by  the  Pueblos,  who  made  yearly  visits  with  fruit  and  earthern  ware, 
50cb  a  pound;  coffee  50(JJ  a  pound,  and  calico  20(JJ  a  yard.  No  attention  had  yet 
been  paid  to  mining;  stock,  and  principally  sheep  raising,  was  the  chief  occupa- 
tion. 

Early  in  1870  important  changes  and  events  took  place.  The  old  Catholic 
church  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  Plaza  was  torn  down  and  replaced  by  a 
substantial  two-story  building.  A  fine  new  stone  cathedral  was  commenced. 
Kev.  Mr.  Annin,  a  Presbyterian  missionary  who  came  here  in  1869,  organized  a 
mission-school  and  commenced  preaching.  He  built  a  church  in  1871,  but  there 
being  few  Americans,  his  support  was  small,  and  he  also  met  considerable  opposi- 
tion from  the  Catholic  priesthood. 

In  the  Summer  of  1870  the  Weekly  Mail  was  started  by  Ash  Upton  and 
John  Bollinger.  Louis  Hommel  obtained  possession  in  1872,  and  called  it  the 
Gazette.  It  fell  into  the  hands  of  J.  K.  Koogler,  the  present  proprietor,  in  1874. 
During  the  years  up  to  1879  other  newspapers  were  published,  as, — the  Acorn, 
Daily  Advertiser,  Rivista  Catolica,  New  Mexico  Herald,  and  the  New  Mexico 
Patriot,  and  the  current  events  of  those  years  are  pretty  generally  known  by 
mosfe  of  the  present  inhabitants. 

The  political  excitement  of  1873,  1876,  and  1878  was  very  high.  A  great 
fire  011  June  8,  1877,  destroyed  three  substantial  buildings  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Plaza,  owned  by  M.  Hayes,  E.  Romero,  and  D.  Gonzales,  and  occupied  by  M. 
Hayes  and  Jaffa  Bros.,  general  stores,  Eosenwald  &  Co.,  general  store,  and  M. 
Friedman,  hides,  wool,  and  pelt  dealer.  The  loss  was  about  $100,000,  with  little 
insurance.  The  burned  district  was  immediately  rebuilt  with  as  substantial 
business  buildings  as  the  Territory  affords. 

A  great  deal  of  building  went  on  in  1877.  Strangers  coming  in  were  sur- 
prised to  see  the  large  store-houses  and  immense  stocks  carried.  There  was  a 
great  mining  excitement  in  1877,  in  the  Jicallies ;  and  this  same  year  the  Jesuit 
college  was  built ;  a  small-pox  scourge  came  again ;  new  roads  were  built, — and 
daily  coach  and  mail  lines  established  in  1875 ;  Reynold  Bros,  bank  started  in 
the  Fall  of  1876.  Several  mail  routes  commenced  verging  out  from  Las  Yegas; 
the  Hot  Springs  became  more  improved;  the  wool,  hide,  pelt  and  fur  trade 
greatly  increased ;  several  small  manufacturing  shops  for  wagons,  buggies  and 


14  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 

harness  were  established.  Great  attention  was  paid  to  stock  raising,  very  profit- 
ably for  those  engaged  in  it ;  tin  and  shingle  roofs  were  introduced ;  some  good 
buildings  erected ;  a  well  dug  in  the  Plaza  and  a  wind-mill  put  over  it,  on  which 
M.  Barela  and  G.  Dugiwere  hung  by  a  mob  of  vigilantes  on  the  night  of  June  4> 
1879.  Community  sympathized,  as  both  had  committed  cold-blooded  murders- 
Several  daring  coach  robberies  took  place  near  town,  in  1877,  1878  and  1879. 
The  following  list  of  murders : — P.  Buisson  and  Tomaso  Gallegos,  by  G.  Dugi, 
December  1,  1878;  John  Matthewson,  by  John  Rimes,  December  5,  1877;  Juan 
Perea,  by  F.  Sandoval,  November  30,  1878;  and  the  deaths  of  the  following 
prominent  citizens : — Samuel  Kohn,  an  old  pioneer,  and  the  first  exclusive  wool- 
buyer  who  established  a  cash  market,  September  29,  1877;  John  Dold,  an 
influential  citizen  who  came  to  the  country  at  an  early  period,  died  at  Tecolote, 
July  7,  1877 ;  Geo.  W.  Stebbins,  Deputy  Collector  Internal  Revenue  and  for- 
merly Postmaster  for  six  years,  April  18,  1878 ;  Hon.  Benito  Baca,  one  of  the 
most  popular,  influential  and  promising  young  men  of  the  Territory,  June  21, 
1879;  Frank  Chapman  a  very  enterprising  and  public-spirited  gentleman, 
December  31,  1879, — are  items  which  will  ever  be  fresh  in  the  memory  of  many 
of  the  present  inhabitants. 

The  greatest  feature  in  the  last  few  years  was  the  coming  of  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad.  In  1878  a  survey  was  made;  in  May,  1879,  the 
depot  was  located,  and  on  the  first  day  of  July  the  track  was  laid  into  Las 
Yegas.  On  the  4th,  the  first  train  came  in,  and  the  "fate  was  sealed."  The 
great  train  of  freighters  who  were  running  between  Las  Yegas  and  Otero, 
Trinidad,  West  Las  Animas  and  Kansas  City  were  sent  on  their  way  to  seek 
pastures  more  green  in  southern  countries. 

The  crack  of  the  driver's  whip,  and  rumbling  of  the  bulky  old  stage,  gave 
way  to  the  shrill  snort  of  the  "iron  horse,"  and  whirl  and  whiz  of  the  wonderful 
cars.  The  year  1879  will  ever  be  remembered  as  the  most  eventful  era  in  the 
history  of  the  place. 

With  the  railroad  came  hordes  of  people,  of  every  class  and  description.  A 
new  town  sprang  up  near  the  depot,  on  the  east  side  of  the  little  river  Rio  Gal- 
linas,  on  which  Las  Yegas  is  situated,  and  what  was  almost  a  wilderness,  seemed 
in  a  day  to  be  transformed  to  a  metropolis  with  all  the  life,  activity  and  industry 
of  a  new  frontier  town.  Town  lots  were  laid  out  in  June,  and  building  at  once 
commenced;  the  sound  of  the  hammer  and  saw  was  heard  in  all  directions, — 
and  by  the  last  of  August,  shanties  of  almost  all  sizes  and  descriptions  were  scat- 
tered all  over  the  IQW  tract  of  land  about  the  depot,  numbering  near  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  with  a  population  of  nearly  1,000  new  inhabitants. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF   LAS    VEGAS,   NEW   MEXICO.  15 

Many  who  were  creeping  into  the  stages  of  old  decay,  saw  a  railroad  and 
train  of  cars  for  the  first  time.  Dance  houses,  variety  saloons,  and  every  class 
of  novelties  and  amusements  rushed  in,  carrying  dread  astonishment  and  often 
wondering  consternation  to  the  natives.  Frightful  broils,  horrible  orgies,  fearful 
rows  and  murders  became  of  common  occurrence;  freedom  and  gambling  ran 
riot,  and  law  had  no  sway.  But  improvements  went  on ;  money  was  plenty,  but 
living  was  very  high, — from  which  many  reaped  a  little  fortune,  while  others  lost 
what  little  they  had  on  landing. 

Of  course  every  day  brought  its  horde  of  people,  many  locating,  and  others 
returning  to  the  States  or  pushing  on  farther  south.  This  brings  us  to  the 
present  writing,  opening  of  the  year  1880. 


MR.  L.  J.  KEITHLEY, 

First  American  Settler  in  Las  Vegas.    Came  to  the  Place  in  1839. 

EstablisJied  the  first  Store  or  Trading  Post.    Is  Seventy-one 

Years  of  Age,  and  still  Lives  in  the  Town. 


CHAPTER  II 


THE  PRESENT. 

Description  of  Town  and.  Coxintry— The  MIexican  People— IPeniterttes 

The  eventful  year  just  past  has  been  almost  a  complete  drouth,  and  the 
early  Spring  of  1880  opened  witli  many  blustering  winds  and  severe  sand  storms. 


LAS  YEGAS  IH  1880, 
Showing  Plaza  looking  toward  the  East  Town. 

Las  Vegas  has  grown  to  a  population  of  6,000,  is  the  county-seat  of  San 
Miguel  county,  and  now  considered  one  of  the  first  places  of  commercial  import- 
ance in  the  Territory.  Two  or  three  million  pounds  of  wool  are  shipped 
annually,  and  an  average  of  fifteen  cars  of  wool,  hides,  pelts,  -furs,  copper  and 
ores  are  sent  East  from  here  daily,  while  upwards  of  twenty-five  cars  of  merchan- 
dise are  received  daily,  for  the  merchants  here,  and  shipments  to  other  counties. 
The  town  is  situated  in  the  northeast  portion  of  New  Mexico,  on  the  banks  of 
the  little  river  Bio  Gallinas,in  a  quite  fertile  valley,  being  often  styled  the  "City 
of  the  Meadows." 


Jg  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   LAS   VEGAS,   NEW   MEXICO. 

It  consists  of  Upper,  Lower,  and  East  Las  Yegas,  or  New  Town,  as  the  latter 
is  usually  called.  We  have  seen  Lower  Las  Vegas  grow  from  the  woods  to  a 
hamlet,  thence  to  a  place  of  fair  population  and  wealth.  The  Plaza  is  in  the 
center  of  the  town,  and  around  it  are  the  principal  business  houses,  many  of 
them  carrying  larger  stocks  of  goods  than  are  found  in  Eastern  cities  of  four 
times  its  size,  and  which  would  make  some  wholesale  houses  of  the  States  quail. 
Two  banks,  the  First  National  and  San  Miguel  National,  front  on  the  Plaza,  as 
well  as  three  hotels,  two  restaurants,  several  saloons  and  dwelling  places.  V erandas 
run  the  length  of  nearly  every  building,  and  stone  or  the  bare  earth  form  the 
most  of  the  sidewalks.  The  houses  are  all  of  adobe  (sun-dried  brick),  low,  flat 
roofs  of  oriental  style,  and  except  four,  but  one  story  high.  About  the  center 
of  the  Plaza  is  the  relic  of  the  old  well,  the  windmill  having  been  torn  down,  and 
the  well  long  out  of  use.  It  was  the  scene  of  another  horrible  sight  this  Spring, 
as  on  the  night  of  February  9th  the  vigilantes  hung  one  cow-boy  to  the  wind- 
mill, and  laid  his  two  companions  out  beneath  him,  riddled  with  bullets,  because 
of  their  murder  of  Joe  Carson,  a  few  weeks  previous. 

The  Plaza  is  the  principal  market  for  the  produce  of  the  farmers,  and  all 
public  business  transactions.  Almost  daily  one  will  see  large  droves  of  burros 
standing  around,  loaded  with  wool,  hides,  or  pelts,  and  long  trains  of  freighters 
will  drag  across,  bound  for  some  of  the  vast  range  of  country  south,  which  is 
tributary  to  Las  Tegas.  Little,  narrow,  crooked  streets  lead  out  from  the  Plaza, 
and  on  all  sides  of  the  town  are  scattered  those  queer  little  adobes,  which  give 
the  place  its  ancient  and  foreign  appearance  to  strangers.  Several  large  and 
substantial  dwellings  have  lately  been  erected,  but  as  yet  there  are  very  few 
frame  buildings  in  the  place.  A  fine  stone  cathedral,  a  good  sized  Presbyterian 
church,  the  Jesuit  college  building,  and  convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Loretto,  are 
the  remaining  points  of  importance.  The  Daily  and  Weekly  Gazette,  and 
Monthly  Eureka,  are  published  in  this  part  of  the  town.  The  Daily  Gazette, 
which  was  started  by  Mr.  J.  K.  Koogler,  last  July,  receives  the  Associated  Press 
dispatches,  and  is  ;a  very  enterprising  and  readable  paper.  The  greater  popula- 
tion of  this  portion  are  Mexicans,  though  many  Americans  reside  here,  and  have 
large  business  establishments.  Upper  Las  Yegas  has  one  or  two  fine,  large 
residences,  but  is  mostly  gone  to  decay. 

Across  the  river,  over  which  a  good  bridge  has  been  built,  lying  for  the 
most  part  upon  a  low,  flat  piece  of  ground,  is  East  Las  Yegas,  or  the  New  Town. 
Two  of  the  largest  commission  houses  in  the  Territory,  which  carry  enormous 
stocks  of  everything,  are  here.  About  two  hundred,  mostly  frame  buildings,  are 
now  erected ;  many  little  shanties,  several  quite  neat  brick  and  wood  residences, 


yi  I 


20 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 


a  fair  sized  hotel,  two  churches,  livery  stables,  blacksmiths'  shops,  and  the 
depot,  comprise  this  portion.  The  Daily  Optic,  by  A.  E.  Kistler,  a  sprightly 
little  afternoon  paper,  is  issued  this  side  the  river,  and  gives  its  readers  a  good 
account  of  the  general  local  news.  The  Weekly  Optic  moved  to  Las  Yegas  from 
Otero,  last  July,  and  was  made  a  daily  last  November. 

Everywhere  the  appearance  of  a  new  frontier  town  is  presented.  The 
general  stores  are  small,  and  goods  are  stowed  away  with  more  regard  to  room 
than  display.  Saloons  and  restaurants  are  thickly  interspersed  along  the  two 
principal  business  streets.  The  greater  portion  of  the  rougher  element  which 
infested  the  town  have  left ;  the  place  has  quieted  down,  and  presents  a  goodly 
showing  of  thrift  and  enterprise.  Lots  are  now  quite  salable,  and  considerable 
building  is  going  on  in  both  East  and  West  towns.  In  West  Las  Vegas, 
^Reynold  Bros,  are  having  a  beautiful  stone  block  erected  on  the  southeast  corner 
of  the  Plaza,  for  their  First  National  Bank,  and  when  completed  it  will  surpass 
any  business  building  now  in  the  Territory. 

A  Masonic,  Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  a  temperance  lodge  are 
orders  fully  established  here,  and  there  is  also  a  pleasant  and  quite  refined  class 
of  society,  which  is  surprising  to  strangers  coming  in. 

THE  MEXICANS. 


Many  people  in  Eastern  States  have 
I    become  impressed  with  the  erroneous  idea 
P    that  all  the  Mexican  people  are  an  en- 
p  tirely  barbarian  set,  with  neither  sense, 
K   mind  nor  civilization,  and  that  one  com- 
l    ing  to  this  country  must  be  a  walking 
^    arsenal,  to  be  safe  in  their  presence. 
:    Among  the  Mexicans  here  are  many  very 
[    wealthy,  well-educated  families,  and  con- 
stitute the  most  influential,  solid,  and  in 
some  instances,  most  enterprising  por- 
tion of   the  community,  and   are  very 
naturally   looked  upon  as  outside  the 
ordinary  class  of  Mexicans,  and  in  speak- 
ing of  the  general  traits  of  that  nation- 
ality, are  not  included. 


MEMORIAL  WIKDHILL. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 


21 


This  country  has  many  desperate  characters,  and  what  country  has  not  ? 
There  have  been,  even  lately,  many  horrible  deeds  perpetrated  here,  but  every 
day  brings  to  light  more  terrible  crimes  in  the  very  heart  of  our  most  populous 
cities  of  the  United  States.  Many  of  the  crimes  here  are  multiplied  ten-fold 
before  they  reach  the  eyes  of  the  Eastern  people,  and  but  seldom  are  they  com- 
mitted by  Mexicans.  The  Mexicans  have  many  queer  and  odd  customs  peculiar 
to  their  race ;  and  this  country  is,  when  compared  to  the  States,  even  yet  in  its 


LAS  YEGAS  IH  1880, 
Showing  Adobe  Houses  in  Southern  Portion  of  West  Town 

infancy.  One  will  see  many  Mexican  farmers  plowing  with  the  old  crooked 
stick,  even  to  this  day,  while  the  wheat  will  be  cut  with  a  sickle,  thrashed  by 
driving  sheep  or  goats  over  it  when  spread  on  the  ground,  and  winnowed  by 
tossing  in  the  air. 

The  average  Mexican  greaser,  or  half-breed,  is  slow,  generally  lazy,  quite 
ignorant,  very  superstitious,  and  non-progressive;  and  as  they  can  live  upon 
less  than  any  other  nationality,  they  have  little  ambition  to  accumulate  property 
or  wealth.  Their  living  is  principally  on  chilli  (red  pepper),  tottier  (bread) 
mutton  and  coffee ;  their  houses  are  small  adobes,  with  generally  no  floor ;  in.  many 
instances  no  windows,  and  little  low  holes  for  doors.  The  poor  are  employed  in 
shearing  sheep,  herding  stock,  bush-whacking,  selling  wood,  working  on  farms, 
and  as  servants.  In  the  latter  capacity  they  are  quite  apt  and  very  obedient 
As  citizens,  are  very  peaceful,  law-abiding,  very  free-hearted  and  hospitable ; 


22 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 


usually  honest,  and  will  pay  as  long  as  their  money  lasts,  and  do  not  try  to  hide 
the  fact  that  they  have  none  when  all  is  spent.  Women  wash  their  clothes  at 
some  spring  or  acequie,  by  beating  on  stones  and  drying  on  the  bushes. 
Smoking,  drinking,  and  gambling  are  great  passions  among  both  sexes. 

A   few  of  the  old  order  of  Penitentes  still  exist  in  this  neighborhood. 
Their  belief  is  that  self-castigation  once  a  year  will  purge  their  bodies  of  all  sins, 


THE    HEW    CATHOLIC    CHURCH,    LAS    YEGAS. 

and  pave  the  way  to  the  Penitentes'  heaven.  It  is  not  recognized  by  the  Catholic 
denomination,  wrhich  reigns  supreme  in  this  country,  and  is  the  religion  which 
all  Mexicans  have  embraced. 

There  is  some  beautiful  scenery  surrounding  Las  Vegas.  Grand  old  canons, 
deep  gorges  and  ravines,  rocky  heights,  table  lands,  Western  parks,  and  a  fine 
fertile  valley  up  the  Rio  Gallinas.  There  are  some  good  farms  in  the  immediate 
vicinity,  excellent  roads,  and  quite  heavy  tracts  of  timber  land,  all  of  which  will 
be  more  fully  explained  in  the  next  chapter. 


JAUH  MaBACA, 
An  Old  Pioneer  of  Las  Vegas,  now  Deceased, 


CHAPTER   III. 


THE   FUTURE. 

Advantages,  Facilities,  R-esonrces,  and  Climate. 

It  is  hard  to  realize  the  exact  future  of  Las  Vegas.    It  has  many  advantages 
and  resources,  which,  if  properly  developed,  will  place  it  far  beyond  even  the 


THE    PATIENT    BURRO. 

general  expectations  of  to-day.  But  capital  and  skill  are  needed,  and  there  are 
many  advantageous  ways  in  which  they  can  be  put  to  use  here. 

Las  Vegas  is  so  situated  that  the  great  stock-raising  valleys  of  the  Pecos  on 
the  south,  the  agricultural  and  fruit  raising  valley  of  the  Canadian  on  the  east, 
and  even  some  portion  of  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande,  Panhandle  country 
Toas,  the  mining  districts  of  the  Jicallies,  "White  Oakes,  and  Silver  City,  are 
tributary  to  it,  and  a  great  deal  of  the  trade  can  be  commanded.  Even  now  the 
town  is  a  great  supply  and  out-fitting  place  for  these  countries,  and  constitutes 
an  excellent  distributing  point. 

Fine  building  stone  is  convenient ;  timber  can  be  obtained  at  fair  rates ; 


26  HISTOKICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 

water  facilities  could  be  made  at  fair  and  profitable  expenditure  of  capital,  and 
several  classes  of  manufacturing  could  be  conducted  here  cheaply  and  quite 
profitably.  Laborers  are  bountiful  and  cheap,  and  living  is  no  higher  than  in 
most  of  the  States.  The  highlands  near  here  could  be  no  better  for  extensive 
stock  raising,  which  is  now  largely  engaged  in,  and  the  breeding  of  sheep  is  being 
greatly  improved  in  both  wool  and  increase  of  meat.  By  industry  and  proper 
irrigation,  fair  crops  of  corn,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  beans,  common  vegetables, 
some  fruits,  and  an  abundance  of  very  good  hay  can  be  produced  on  the  mead- 
ows along  the  Eio  Gallinas. 

A  number  of  mail  routes  radiate  from  here ;  huge  supply  trains  of  Arizona, 
and  portions  of  this  Territory  receive  their  freight  here,  and  exchange  the 
products  of  their  country.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  wool  markets  of  the  Terri- 
tory, has  an  exceptionally  pleasant  climate,  mild  and  salubrious  at  most  all 
seasons,  and  with  the  Hot  Springs  six  miles  from  town,  is  acquiring  quite  a 
reputation  as  a  sanitarium. 

Although  there  is  some  mining  going  on  near  here,  and  some  even  claim 
they  have  struck  rich  leads,  and  expert  judges  give  their  opinion  that  valuable 
minerals  are  in  the  mountains  which  lie  on  the  west  of  the  town,  nothing  of  a 
very  startling  nature  has  been  developed.  It  is  hard  to  tell  what  labor,  capital, 
and  perseverance  will  yet  unearth. 

In  the  way  of  railroad  talk  it  is  expected  that  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Fran- 
cisco railroad,  now  at  Vinita,  Indian  Territory,  will  ere  long  be  pushed  on  to 
this  place.  Koads  from  Las  Vegas  to  Galveston  via  Pecos  Valley,  and  to  San 
Juan  country,  in.  Utah,  via  Mora  and  Toas,  are  being  agitated.  The  Kansas^ 
Pacific,  and  Denver  and  Kio  Grande,  may  at  some  near  future  day  extend  this 
way,  and  Las  Vegas  will  always  be  an  important  point  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe. 

By  reference  to  the  business  directory  a  very  fair  estimate  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  different  mercantile  branches  are  represented,  can  be  obtained,  and 
one  can  readily  see  if  their  trade  is  overdone. 

The  facts  have  been  given  as  presented  to  the  writer,  and  laid  before  the 
public  unbiased,  who  must  now  judge  for  themselves  as  to  the  future  of  Tjas 
Vegas. 


MR.  A.  MORRISON, 

An   Old  Pioneer.      Came  to  this  Country  in  1849.     Is  59   Years  of 
Age,  and  Still  Resides  Here.    Is  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.    Com- 
manded a  Company  of  Neio  Mexico  Volunteers,  Un- 
der Col.  Kit  Carson,  During  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Interesting  and  Useful  Business  Directory. 


Village    Officials. 


Las  Yegas  is  not  incorporated  and  has  no  village  tax,  consequently,  properly 
speaking,  no  village  officials  except  two  police  in  both  West  and  East  Towns. 
The  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  county  officials  have  offices  here,  and  fill  the 
functions  of  village  officials. 


WestLas  Vegas. 


K'R  JONES,'   |  PoHce East  La*  Vegas< 

1 '  ^™™Sc,°N'  £  Justices  of  the  Peace . .  .  .West  Las  Vegas. 

A.  V^AMlrOb,         \ 


Wm.  STEELE,  Justice  of  the  Peace East  Las  Vegas. 

West  Las  Vega.. 


County    Officials. 

C  Kichard  Dunn. 

County  Commissioners <  Kafael  Lucero. 

(  Antouia  Tafoya. 

Judge  Probate Charles  Blanchard. 

(  Jose  MaBaca. 

School  Commissioners <  Pablo  Anaya. 

(  Esmerijildo  Vigil. 

Clerk  Probate  Court Jesus  MaTafoya, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO.  29 

Sheriff D.  Komero. 

Treasurer Florencie  Baca. 

Precincts.  Justices  Peace.  Constables. 

1   Pablo  Baca Pedro  A.  Garcia. 

2   Jose  G.  Garcia Juan  Madrid. 

3   Jose  Pablo  Sandoval Antonio  J.  Aguilar. 

4 Luciano  Salano Juan  A.  Tafoya. 

5   Antonio  J.  Campos Jose  D.  Mares. 

6   Preciliano  Martinez Manuel  Ortega. 

7   Victor  Lucero Jose  Armijo. 

8  Encamacion  Gonzales . . .  Bacilio  Mais. 

9  Bias  Ortega Eomnald  Tafoya. 

10 Jose  MaBaros Eomulo  Alarid. 

11 Luciano  Montoya Miguel  Garcia. 

12 Miguel  Sena Pablo  Archuleta. 

13 Juan  Bustos Manuel  Valdez. 

14 Serafin  Archibiqua Jose  Ma  C.  Baca. 

15 Francisco  Guruli Pedro  Trujilbo. 

16 '. Manuel  Sais Santiago  Parras. 

17 Jose  Griego Juan  Pais. 

18 Jesus  MaGallegos Tomas  Pacheco. 

19 Pablo  Martinez Conepcion  Sanches. 

20 Charles  Beach Felipe  Trujillo. 

21 Lorenzo  Labide Bafael  Baca. 

22 Manuel  Gonzales Jaun  de  J.  Mestas. 

23 Perfeto  Legura Bernardo  Griego. 

24 Jose  Leon  Martinez Enlojio  Martinez. 

25 Louis  Martin Abian  Luaso. 

26 ..  . .  A.  Morrison  . ,  . .  Jose  Galindre. 


Present   Territorial   Officials. 

Governor Lewis  Wallace. 

Secretary Wm.  G.  Eitch. 

Chief  Justice  Supreme    Court,  and  Judge  j  T    T>     -tf     -,  T>  • 

First  Judicial  District  .  .  |  L'  *******  *>*""*. 


30  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 

Associate    Justice   Supreme    Court,   and  j  a 
Judge  of  Second  Judicial  District. . ..  \  b 

Associate    Justice  Supreme     Court,  and  (  w 

Judge  of  Third  Judicial  District  ...\  Warren  E 

Attorney  General 

Treasurer Juan  Delgado. 

Auditor Trinidad  Alarid. 

Adjutant  Gen'l J.  Howe  Watts. 

Librarian Samuel  Ellison. 

Second  District  Attorney . .  J.  Francisco  Chaves 

Third  District  Attorney L.  B.  Newcomb. 


FEDERAL    OFFICERS. 

Surveyor  Gen'l Henry  M.  Atkins. 

Collector  Internal  Eevenue J.  A.  Smith. 

U.  S.  Attorney Sidney  M.  Barnes. 

U.  S.  Marshall John  Sherman,  Jr. 

Register  Land  Office  Santa  Fe John  C.  Davis. 

Receiver  Land  Office  Santa  Fe Elias  Brevooh. 

Register  Land  Office  Mesilla 

Receiver  Land  Office  Mesilla 

U.  S.  Indian  Agt.  Pueblos B.  M.  Thomas. 

U.  S.  Indian  Agt.  Apaches  Mescalorios S.  A.  Russell. 

U.  S.  Indian  Agt.  Navajos 


List  of  Governors. 


FROM  ACCESSION  OF  TERRITORY  TO  U.  S.  TO  PRESENT  YEAR. 


August  18th,  184:6,  New  Mexico  came  under  the  government  of  the  United 
States.  August  22nd,  1846,  Gen'l  Kearney  issued  a  proclamation  continuing  in 
office  those  who  held  office  under  the  Mexican  Government  upon  their  taking  the 
oath  of  allegiance.  Juan  Bantista  Vigil,  the  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  New. 
Mexico  under  the  Mexican  Government,  complying  with  the  proclamation,  became 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO.  31 

Secretary  and  Acting  Governor  to  Sept.  22nd,  1846,  the  date  of  the  regular 
appointments  of  civil  officers,  by  the  military  commandant. 

GOVEENOES. 

1846-47 Charles  Bent,  assassinated  Jan.  17th,  1847. 

1847-48 Donaciano  Vigil. 

1848-49 J.  M.  "Washington,  Civil  Gov.  and  Commandan    of  the 

Department. 

1849-51 John  Munroe,  Civil  Gov.  and  Commandant. 

1851-52 James  Calhoun,  died  June  30th,  1852. 

1852  to  Sept.  13.     John  Greiner,  Acting. 

1852-53 Wm.  Carr  Lane. 

1853-57 David  Merriwether. 

1857-61 Abraham  Bencher. 

1861-66 Henry  Connelly. 

1866-69 Kobert  B.  Mitchell. 

1869-71 Wm.  A.  Pile. 

1871-75 Marsh  Giddings,  died  June  3rd,  1875. 

1875  to  June  30.     Wm.    G.  Hitch,  Acting. 

1875-78 Samuel  B.  Axtell. 

1879 Lewis  Wallace. 

The  following-named  Secretaries  have  served  in  the  aggregate  of  time  as 
acting  Governor  as  follows : — Messervy,  four  months ;  Davis,  eleven  months  and. 
fifteen  days ;  Arny,  fifteen  months ;  Heath,  four  months ;  Wetter,  two  months ; 
Ritch,  fourteen  months.  From  Oct.  15th,  to  Nov.  llth,  1857,  there  was  neither 
Governor  nor  Secretary,  both  having  resigned.  Samuel  Ellison  was  left  in  charge 
of  the  offices  as  the  last  private  Secretary  to  the  Governor. 


List   of   Congressional    Delegates. 

XXXII.  Congress       1851. . .  .Richard  H.  Weightman,  elected  over  S.  Messervy 

and  A.  W.  Eeynolds. 

XXXIII.  Congress      1853 Jose  M.  Gallegos,  elected  over  Wm.  Carr  Lane' 

XXXIV.  Congress      1855 Miguel  A.  Otero,  elected  over  Jose  M.  Gallegos. 

XXXV.  Congress        1857 ....  Miguel  A.  Otero,  elected  over  Spruce  M.   Baird, 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   LAS     VEGAS,  NEW   MEXICO. 


XXXVI.  Congress  1859, 
XXXVH.  Congress  1861. 
XXXVm.  Congress  1863. 
XL.  Congress  1867. 


XLI.  Congress 

1869. 

XLII.  Congress 

1871. 

XLHI.  Congress 

1873. 

XLIV.  Congress 
XLV.  Congress 
XLVLCongress 

1875. 
1877. 
1879. 

. . .  Miguel  A.  Otero,  elected  over  Jose  M.  Gallegos. 
. .  .John  S.  Watts,   elected  over  Diego  Archuleta. 
. . .  J.  Francisco  Chaves,  elected  over  Francisco  Perea. 
,  ..J.    Francisco    Chaves,   elected  over   Charles   P. 

Clever. 
. .  J.    Francisco     Chaves,     elected    over    Yincento 

Romero. 
.  .Jose  M.  Gallegos,  elected  over  J.  F.  Chaves  and 

JoseD.  Sena. 
. . .  Stephen     B.     Elkins,     elected     over    Jose    M. 

Gallegos. 

, . .  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  elected  over  Pedro  Valdez 
. .  Trinidad  Romero,  elected  over  Pedro  Valdez. 
..Mariano  S.  Otero,  elected  over  Beneti  Baca. 


Distance  Table  with  Comparisons  of  Time 


LAS  VEGAS  TO — 

Miles. 

Boston 2,469 

New  York 2,236 

Philadelphia 2,138 

Cincinnati 1,449 

Chicago 1,275 

St.  Louis 1,109 

New  Orleans 1,804 

Atchison 770 

Kansas  City 786 

Lawrence 746 

Lecompton 73  3 

Topeka 720 

Emporia 660 

Nickerson 541 

Bodge  City 418 

La  Junta 216 

Pueblo..  .    279 


Time. 


Faster. 
2:12 
2:00 
2:05 
1:  15 
1:05 
:55 


Slower. 


:34 
:33 
:30 
:  23 
:  16 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH  OF  LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO.  33 

Denver 351  

San  Francisco 1,855  1 :  10 

Trinidad 133  

Otero 105  

Santa  Fe..  82  : 02 


Elevations. 


Santa  Fe 7,047 

Pueblo 4,713 

Denver 5,143 

Trinidad 6,005 

Atchison 803 

Kansas  City 763 

Lawrence 845 

Topeka , . . . .    904 

Emporia 1,161 

Dodge  City 2,492 

La  Junta 4,137 

Las  Vegas 6,397 


GENERAL  LAWS  OF  1876;  CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 


An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Manner  of  Locating  Mining  Claims,  and  for 

Other  Purposes. 


CONTENTS. 

SEC.  1.    Location— bounds  to  be  marked ;  notice  of  name  of  locator ;  make  record  in  three  months. 

SEC.  2.    Record  books  must  be  provided. 

SEC.  3.    Value  of  labor  or  mining  claims  defined. 

SEC.  4.    Locations  heretofore  made,  there  being  no  adverse  claims,  may  file  claim  within  six 

months. 

SEC.  5.    Electment  in  mining  clams  and  real  estate. 
SEC.  6.    Repeals  former  acts. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico: 

SECTION.  1.  That  any  person  or  persons  desiring  to  locate  a  mining  claim  upon  a  vein  or  lode  o* 
•quartz  or  other  rock  in  place  bearing  gold,  silver,  cinnabar,  lead,  tin,  copper  or  other  valuable  de. 
posit,  must  distinctly  mark  the  location  on  the  ground  so  that  its  boundaries  may  be  readily 
traced;  and  post  in  some  conspicuous  place  on  such  location,  a  notice  in  writing  stating  the:eou 
the  name  or  names  of  the  locator  or  locators,  his  or  their  in '  entio  n  to  locate  the  mining  claim,  giving 
a  description  thereof,  by  reference  to  some  natural  object  or  permanent  monument  as  will  identify 
the  claim ;  and  also  within  three  months  after  posting  such  notice,  cause  to  be  recorded  a  copy 
thereof  in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  the  notice  is  posted ;  and  provided  no 
other  record  of  such  notice  shall  be  necessary. 

SEC.  2.  In  order  to  carry  out  the  intent  of  the  preceding  section,  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of 
the  probate  judges  of  the  several  counties  of  this  Territory,  and  they  are  hereby  required  to  pro- 
vide at  the  expense  of  their  respective  counties  such  book  or  books  as  may  be  necessary  and  suita- 
ble in  which  to  enter  the  record  hereinbefore  provided  for.  The  fees  for  recording  such  notice  shall 
~be  ten  cents  for  every  one  hundred  words. 

SEC.  3.  That  in  estimating  the  worth  of  labor  required  to  be  preformed  upon  any  mining  claim, 
to  hold  the  same  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  in  the  regulation  of  mines,  the  value  of  a  day's 
labor  is  hereby  fixed  at  the  sum  of  four  dollars  :  Provided,  however,  that  in  the  sense  of  this  statute, 
«ight  hours  of  labor  actually  preformed  upon  the  mining  claim  shall  constitute  a  day's  labor. 

SEC.  4.  All  locations  heretofore  made  in  good  faith,  to  which  there  shall  be  no  adverse  claims 
the  certificate  of  which  locations  have  been  or  may  be  filed  for  record  and  recorded  in  the  recor. 
der's  office  of  the  county  where  the  location  is  made  within  six  months  after  the  passage  of  this 
act,  are  hereby  confirmed  and  made  valid.  But  where  there  may  appear  to  be  any  such  adverse 
claim,  the  said  locations  shall  be  held  to  be  the  property  of  the  person  having  the  superior  title  or 
claim,  according  to  the  laws  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  making  of  the  said  locations. 

SEC.  5.  An  action  of  ejectment  will  lie  for  the  recovery  of  the  possession  of  a  mining  claim,  as 
"wrell  also  of  any  real  estate,  where  the  party  suing  has  been  wrongfully  ousted  from  the  possession 
thereof,  and  the  possession  wrongfully  detained. 

SEC.  6.  That  "an  act  concerning  mining  claims,"  approved  January  18th,  1865,  and  an  act 
amendatory  thereof,  approved  January  3d,  1866 ;  also,  an  act  entitled  an  act  to  amend  certain  acts 
concerning  mining  claims  in  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  approved  January  1st,  1872  ;  be  and  the 
same  are  hereby  repealed :  Provided,  That  no  locations  completed  or  commenoed  under  said  acts 
shall  be  invalidated  or  in  any  wise  affected  by  such  repeal. 

SEC.  7.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  full  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 
Approved  January  11,  1876. 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY 


L.  V  ..................................  Las  Vegas 

E.  L.  Y  ...........................  East  Las  Yegas 

W.  L.  V  ..........................  West  Las  Yegas 

"W.  S.P  ...........................  West  Side  Plaza 

IE.  S.  P  ............................  East  Side  Plaza 

S.  S.  P  ........................  ."  .South  Side  Plaza 

:N.  S.  P  ..........................  North  Side  Plaza 

S.  S.  S  ........................  South  Second  Street 

R.  R.  S  ............................  Railroad  Street 

N.  S.  C  ...................  North  Side  Center  Street 

S.  S.  C  .......  ............  South  Side  Center  Street 

H.  S  ...............................  ..Hot  Springs 


Allison,  H.  H.,  Sewing  Machines,  E.  L.  Y. 


Barney,  A.  C.,  Metropolitan  Res't.,  E.  L.  Y. 
Browning,  E.  R.,  Real  Estate  Ag't,  E.  L.  Y. 
Blanchard,  C.,  Hardware,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  Y. 
Blake.  J.  C.,  Harness  Mfg,  S.  S.  S.,  W.  L.  Y. 
Brunswick,  M.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  N.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  Y. 
Brown  &  Manzanares,  Corn's.  Merchants,  E.  L.  Y. 
Bayley,  R.,  Physician,  S.  S.  C.,  E.  L.  Y 

C 

Cunningham,  J.  M.,  Physician,  H.  S.  &  L.  Y. 
Chapman,  T.  F.,  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  E.  L.  Y. 


36  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF  LAS  VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 

Croxford,  Geo.,  Harness  M'f'g,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Crawford  &  Co.,  Groceries,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


Dougher  &  Baca,  Liquors,  N.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Bold,  A.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  W.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


Furlong,  J.  N.,  Photographer,  W.  L.  V. 
Friedman,  M.  &  Bro.,  Wool  Dealers,  W.  L.  V. 
Flinn,  J.,  Barber,  E.  L.  Y. 
Fleeman,  T.  J.,  Tailor,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

•    Q- 

Gross,  J.,  Cashier  San  Miguel  Bank,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

Geoffrion  &  Desmarais,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

Gardner  &  Gilles,  Clothing,  K.  K.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 

Giffin,  A.  F.,  Dentist,  W.  L.  V. 

Gildig,  J.  A.,  P.  O.  Newstand,  W.  L.  V. 

Graaf,  J.  &  Co.,  Bakery  &  Kes't,  N:  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


Hutchinson  &  Co.,  Livery  Stable,  E.  L.  V. 
Heise,  H.,  Liquors,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Houghton,  O.  L.,  Hardware,  E.  &  W.  L.  V. 
Holzman,  P.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  K.  K.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 
Hopper  Bros.,  Grocers  &  Kes't,  K.  K.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 
Herbert,  E.  E.  &  Co.,  Druggists,  E.  &  W.  L.  V. 
Hilty  Bros.,  Grocers,  N.  S.  C.,  E.  L.  V. 

I 

Hfeld,  C.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  N.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

J 

Jaffa  Bros.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  E.  &  W.  L.  V. 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  LAS   VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO.  37 

Jones,  T.  A.,  Delmonico"Ees't,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


Koogler,  J.  H.,  Daily  &  Weekly  Gazette,  S.  S.  S.,  W.  L.  V. 
Kistler,  A.  E.,  Daily  Optic,  E.  L.  V. 
Kohn,  Y.,  Wool  Dealer,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


Lock  &  Lockwood,  Occidental  Parlors,  E.  E.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 

Labadie,  A.,  Barber,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

Levy,  Cohn  &  Co.,  Clothiers,  S.  S.P.,  W.  L.  V. 

Lockhart  &  Co.,  Planing  Mill,  E.  L.  Y. 

Lewelling,  J.  W.,  Livery,  E.  L.  V. 


Mendenhall  &  Co.,  Livery,  W.  L.  V. 

Mills,  T.  B.,  Pub.  N.  M.  Mining  Laws,  W.  L,  V. 

Marcus,  M.  D.,  Grocer,  S.  S.  C.,  E.  L.  V. 

McDonald,  E.  G.,  Liquors,  E.  L.  V. 

Moore,  W.  S.,  Adobe  Hotel,  H.  S. 

IbT 

Nesbit,  A.,  Mackley  House,  E.  E.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 

O 

Otero,  Seller  &  Co.,  Com.  Merchants,  E.  L.  V. 

IP 

Pettijohn,  N.  J.,  Physician,  L.  V.  &  H.  S. 
Prichard,  G.  W.,  Lawyer,  E.  L.  V. 

IB 

Eosenwald,  J.  &  Co.,  Genl  Mdse.,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

Eichmond,  E.  C.,  Jeweler,  E.  E.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 

Eeynolds,  J.,  Pres.  First  National  Bank,  W.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 


HISTOLICAL   SKETCH  OF  LAS   VEGAS,  NFW  MEXICO. 

Romero,  H.  &  Bro.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Rutenbeck,  T.,  Jeweler,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Eomero,  M.,  Gen'l.  Mdse.,  W.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Eomero,  T.  Bro.  &  Son,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Rosenthal,  N.  L.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  R.  R.  S.,  E.  L.  V. 
Robbins,  A.  O.,  Furniture,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 

S 

Shields,  D.  P.,  Attorney,  W.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Somerville  &  Finane,  Painters,  E.  L.  V. 
Skipwith,  E.  H.,  Physician,  L.  V.  &  H.  S. 
Shout,  J.  H.,  Physician,  W.  L.  V. 
Steele,  W.,  Real  Estate  &  J.  P.,  E.  L.  V. 
Shupp,W.  H.,  Wagon  M'f'g,  E.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  V. 
Sutfin,  J.  H.,  Grand  Yiew  Hotel,  S.  S.  S.,  W.  L.  V. 
Stern,  L,  Gen'l.  Mdse.,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  Y. 
Sumner,  Geo.,  Sumner  House,  S.  S.  P.,  W.  L.  Y. 


Wheelock,  C.,  Architect,  S.  S.  S.,  W.  L.  Y. 
Wesche,  C.  E.,  Gen'l  Mdse.,  W.  S.  P.,  W.L.  Y. 


The  first-class  and  largest  Hotel  in 


Most  centrally  located,  and  entirely  new. 
Neatness,  comfort  and  good  treatment  to  all. 

Hates—  $3  per  Cay,  $14  per  Week. 

T.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Proprietor. 


ESTABLISHED     1863. 


J.  Rosen wald  &  Co., 


-Dealers  in- 


Clothing,  Hats,  Furnishing  Goods,  Notions, 
Boots  and  Shoes,  Stationery, 

Hardware,  Queensware,  Groceries, 

LIQUORS,  TOBACCOS,  ETC., 

Wool,  Hides  and  Country  Produce  bought  at  the  Highest  Market  Price 

Las  Vesas>  N-  M- 


TIHIIE 


Oecii 


Finest  in  the  Territory ! 


GENTLEMEN    WILL    ALWAYS    FIND 


Mumm  g  Extra  Dry 
and  Heidsick 


Imported  and  Key  West  Cigars. 

Free  Lnnch  at  all  times-Open  Day  and  Night 

LOCK  c&  ZiOCZWOOD,  Proprietors, 

i 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


IPliilip  KColzni3.ii 

Dealer  in 

General  Merchandise, 

(Opposite  Otero,  Sellar  &  Co.,) 
Main  Street,      EAST  LAS  VEGAS. 


Hides,  Pelts,  Wool  and  Cigars. 


G.  W.    PRICHARD, 


East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M 


J.  W.  LEWELLING, 


Sale  and  Feed  Corral, 

EAST  LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 

Hacks  to  and  from  Hot  Springs. 

Good  Bigs  and  Careful  Drivers. 

Ziockh,art  <&  Co., 

Proprietors 

LasYegas  Planing  Mill, 


Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factory, 
Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


Theo.  Rutenbeck, 

Watchmaker  and  Jeweler, 

LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 


Dealer  in 

Watches,  Clocks, 

American  and  Mexican 

Filigree   Jewelry. 


H.  Romero  c&  Bro. 

Wholesale  and  Ketail  Dealers 
in  all  kinds  of 

MERCHANDISE! 


—And  Dealers  in- 


Cattle  and  Sheep, 


LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 


Hair  Dresser, 

Shaving,   Hair    Cutting,   Sham- 
pooing and  Dyeing  done 

in  first-class  style, 

Three  doors  south  of  Parker's  Hotel, 

LAS  VEGAS,       -       NEW  MEXICO. 


J.H.  Shout,  M.D., 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


Inquire  at  Hotels  for  Hutchinson  &  Co.'s  Livery  Stables. 


The  undersigned  has  for  sale  the  most  de- 
sirable locations  for  either  business  or  residence 
in  the  town  of 

East    Las   Vegas. 

This  new  American  town  is  delightfully  loca- 
ted on  the  railroad  adjacent  to  the  old  town  of 
Las  Vegas.  Information  concerning  lots  and 
prices  given  on  application,  in  person  or  by  let- 
ter, to 

E.    R   BROWNING, 

Real  Estate,  Collecting  arid  Insurance  Agent, 

Office  west  of  St.  Nicholas  Hotel.  EAST   LAS   VEGAS,  N.   M. 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


i   VJLI  v  JL  ±±±i  \  vi  i 

BOOTS    AND    SHOES, 

Las  Vegas— New    Mexico— Lincoln. 

Telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to.    Hutchinson  &  Co,,  Las  Vegas  Livery  Stable. 


-Dealer  in- 


General  Merchandise, 

Notions  and  Fancy  Goods, 

Ladies1  Fancy  and  Dress 


Very  Latest   Styles  of  Novelties  always  on  hand. 
I  keep  Everything:. 

Las  Vegas,  New    Mexico. 

T.  BOMEKO.          E.  EOMEKO.          S.  KOMEKO,  JE. 

*  Romero  Bro.  &  Son, 


Wholesale  and  Eetail  Dealers  in 


-ALSO- 


Cattle  and   Sheep, 

Las   Vegas,  New   Mexico. 

Inquire  at  Hotels  for  Hutchinson  &  Co.'s  Livery  Stables. 


Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 


Centrally  Located  on  the  Plaza, 
Well  Furnished  and  Comfortable  Rooms, 
Commanding  Finest  Views  in  the  Place, 


The  Table  always  furnished  with  all    the 
Varieties  the  Market  affords. 

9        -       -       $2.50  a  Day. 

Special  Bates  by  the  Week  and  to  Families. 


GEO.    SUMNER,    Proprietor. 


ANDRES    BOLD, 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 


; 

Northwest  Corner  Public  Square, 

LAS  VEGAS,    NEW  MEXICO. 

All  the  Daily  Papers, 

All  the  Illustrated 

Papers  and  Magazines, 
Recent  Popular  Publications, 

General  Reading  Matter, 

Stationery,  Etc.,  Etc.,  Etc. 


-AT- 


EASTERN  PRICES. 


l    IP- 


Post-Office  News  Stand, 

LAS    VEGAS,    N.     M. 


Inquire  at  Hotels  for  Hutchinson  &  Co.'s  Livery  Stables. 


LAS  VEGAS,    NEW   MEXICO, 


Proprietor  of  the-; — 


Exchange  Hotelr 


And  Dealer  in- 


1 


John  Dougher.      !  Francisco  Baca.  y  Sandovall 


DOUCHES  &  BACA, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers 
in  Choice 


Sole  Agents  in  New  Mexico  for 

DIO32I     BIBOS.* 

CELEBRATED 

LAGER  BEER, 

Santa  Fe,  Las  Vegas, 

NEW  MEXICO. 


See  Hutchinson  &  Co.  for  Transportation  to  the  Hot  Springs. 


Thomas  J.  Fleeinan, 

MERCHANT  TAILOR, 

Chapman's  Building,  northeast 
corner  Plaza, 


LAS  VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 


ALL    WORK    0-TJARANTEED. 


IDOCTOIH, 

K.   H.   SKIPWITH, 

Hot  Springs  and  Las  Vegas, 

NEW  MEXICO. 


Someryille  &  Finane, 

Houses  Sign  Painters 

Graining  and  Paper  Hanging, 
East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


RUSSELL  BAYLY, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

Office  Center  St.   East  La 3  Vegas,  K.  M. 


Treats  Chronic  Diseases. 


R.   C.  RICHMOND, 

WATCHMAKER, 


—And  Dealer  in— 


Elgin  Watches,  Clocks  and  Fine  Jewelry 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


Watches  and  Jewelry  Repaired  and  Cleaned. 


Real  Estate,  Collecting  Agent 

-AND 

Justice  of  the  Peace, 

East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


DR.  A.  F.  GIFFIN, 

UDElsTTTST, 
Rooms,  North  Side  Plaza, 

Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


N.  L.  Hosenthal, 

—Dealer  in— 

General  Merchandise, 

East   Las  Yegas, 

New  Mexico. 


See  Hutchinson  &  Co.  for  Transportation  to  the  Hot  Springs. 


R.  G.  McDonald, 


-Dealer  in- 


Llpors,  Wines  and  Cig 


Sole  Agent  in  New  Mexico  for 


Philip  Best  &  Co.'s  Famous  Milwaukee  Beer 

In  Kegs  ami  Bottles, 

MAIN  STEEET, 

East   Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 


J,  H,  KOOGLER,  Editor  and  Proprietor, 


Established  in  1872.     The  leading  paper  of  New  Mexico,  and  the 
only  Daily  Morning  Paper  with  full  Associated  Press  Ke- 
port.       Circulates  in  all  parts  of  the  Territory, 
Eastern  Arizona  and   the   Texas   Pan- 
Handle. 

Daily,  $10  per  year;    Weekly,  $3  per  year. 

Advertising  Bates  made  known  on  application. 
Inquire  at  Hotels  for  Hutch inson  &  Co.'s  Livery  Stables. 


HEW 

CLOTHING 


In. 


EAST    LAS    VEGAS. 

The  Delmonico  of  New  Mexico  ! 


American    and    European    Plans. 

Private  Dinners  and  Catering  of  all  sorts  a  specialty. 
Finest  Confectionery  and  Fruits   of  the  Season  al- 
ways on  hand. 

Ice  Cream  and  Soda  Water  in  Season. 

T.  A.  JONES,  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


THE  ADOBE, 

Hot    Springs    and     Las  Vegas, 


PER,PINT,COMFORTABLE 


Stop  at  The  Adobe   for  convenience,   comfort, 
and  first-class  treatment. 

W.  S.  MOORE,  Proprietor. 


-Dealer  in — 


Hardware  and  StoYGS7 


AND     EVERY    KIND     OF 

9 


Las  Vegas,    N.   M. 


Telegraph  orders  promptly  attended  to,    Hutchinson  &  Co,,  Las  Vegas  Livery  Stable. 


GEORGE  J.  DINKEL,  JEFFERSON  KATNOLDS, 

Cashier.  President. 


MST  NATIONAL  BANK 


LAS   VEGAS, 


NEW  MEXICO. 


F.  E.  HERBERT  &  CO, 


IN 


Choice  Liquors  of  all  kinds, 

Stationery,  Tobacco  and  Cigars. 

Also  carry  a  full  line  of  Toilet  Articles. 

East  and  West  LAS  YEGAS. 

NEW  MEXICO. 


BROWNE  Y  MANZANARES, 

Comerciantes  For  Mayor  En  Toda  Clase  De 


Botas,  Zapatos,  Sombreros,  GorrasyRopaHecha, 

Carros,  Aradoe  y  Toda  Clase  de  Implemeiitos  de  Agricultura. 

LAS    VEGAS,     NUEVO     MEXICO. 

Tendremos  Almacenes  Amplios  y  Seguiremos  El  Negocio  De  Comisionistas 
y  Kemitidores  De  Efectos  Al  Fin  Del  Ferro  Oarril. 


-JOBBERS    OF- 


Groceries,  Dry  Goods,  Boots,  Shoes, 

HATS,  CAPS,  CLOTHING, 
Plows,  Agricultural  Implements,  Etc. 


Forwarding  House  at  end  of  Railroad  Track. 


HI 

Wholesale  and 
Commission 
MerchantsT 

Las  Vegas,  IT.  M. 


OIF1 


General  Merchandise. 


Southern  Calilornia,  New  Mexico  and  Arizona 

SOXjIOI'-L'-tllD. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 


Chicago,  Burlington  &  QnincyRl 

IMFORTMT  IHFOSHATIOH. 

PASSENGERS  FROM 

Trinidad,  Santa  Fe,  Los  Yegas,  Santa  Rosa,  Albuquerque,  San  Marosa,  San  Pedro, 

Alamosa,  San  Diego,  £1  Paso,  Silver  City,  Shakespeare  Mines, 

San  Simone,  or  any  point  in 

NEW  MEXICO 


— GOING  TO — 


Chicago,  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Pittskg,  Baltimore,  Washington, 

OB  ANY  POINT  IN  THE 

EAST  OR  NORTH-EAST, 

Should  Purchase  Tickets  over  the 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA,  &  SANTA  FE  RAILROAD 

In  Connection  with  the 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R. 

VIA  ATCHISON  OR  KANSAS  CITY. 

From  Atchison  or  Kansas  City  Two  Fast  Trains  are  run  daily  through  TO  CHICAGO 
WITHOUT  CHANGE.  These  trains  are  equipped  with 

PULLMAN  PALACE  SLEEPING  CARS, 

Superior  First  Class  Coaches  and  Smoking  Cars.,  C.,  B.  &  Q.  PAL-ACE  DRAWING 
ROOM  CAKS,  fitted  with  Elegant  Reclining  Chairs—  seats  free—  and  the  Famous  Dining  Cars, 
run  only  by  his  line,  upon  which  meals  are  served  equal  in  quality  to  any  first  class  hotel,  at  the 
moderate  price  of  Seventy  -Five  Cents. 

All  the  modern  improvements  which  will  secure  to  the  Passenger  any  additional  safety,  com- 
fort or  luxury,  have  been  adopted  and  are  now  being  used  on  the 

Chicago,  Burlington1  &  Quinoy  R.  R. 

STEEL  TRACK,  Stone  Ballast,  Iron  Bridges,  Elegant  and  Improved  Coa  hes,  and  in  fact  everything 
that  can  be  secured  to  make  this  line  superior  to  any  other  leading  East  from  Colorado,  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona. 

Passengers  by  this  line  connect  with  all  Eastern  Tines  from  Chicago,  and  are  transferred  be- 
tween depots  free  of  ex^ens".  Bates  and  information  of  any  kind  can  be  obtained  by  applying  to 
our  Agent.  Mr.  J.  MILNEB,  at  Denver,  Colorado. 

See  that  your  tickets  read  by  the  CHICAGO,  BUKLINGTON  &  QUINCY  R.  R.,  and 
remember  that  this  line  offers  you  all  tha  comforts  and  luxuries  of  modern  travel. 

N.  B.—  Passengers  going  either  "Westward  or  Eastward  should  take  advantage  of  the  many 
inducements  offered  the  traveling  public  by  the  popular  CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  & 
'  *  IK* 


D.  W.  HITCHCOCK,  J.  R.  WOOD, 

G.  W.  P.  A.,  Chicago.  G.  P.  A.,  Chicago- 

C.  W.  SMITH, 

Traffic  Manager.  CHICAGO. 


The   Largest,  Best,  Oldest  and    Most 

Reliable  Journal  devoted  to  Ho- 

tel Interests  in  the  World, 

NOW  IN  ITS  TENTH  VOLUME! 

The  recognized  authority  upon  all    Hotel 

Matters. 

Contains  more  and  better  Hotel  News  and 
Notes  than  all  other  hotel  papers  combined. 

A  Reliable  Guide  to  the  Best  Hotels  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canadas. 

As  an  organ  of  the  Interests  of  Summer 
Resorts,  especially  in  the  West  and  Northwest,  it  has 
no  equal 

It  is  not  excelled  as  an  Advertising  Medium. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  following 

FACTS  FOR  HOTEL  MEN. 

I       THE  HOTEL  WORLD  is  the  oldest  hotel  journal  in  the  world. 
THE  HOTEL  WORLD  is  the  largest  hotel  paper  in  Ihe  world. 
THE  HOTEL  WORLD  has  the  largest  circulation  of  any  hotel 
paper  in  the  world. 

THE  HOTEL  WORLD  contains  the  largest  number  of  hotel 
advertisement  of  any  paper  in  the  world. 

For  advertising  rates,  terms  of  subscription 

and  sample  copies,  address  -with  stamp 


2.  J.  BOH1T  <&  CO.,  Publishers, 
69  Dearborn  Street 


Grant  Tiew 


South  Second  Street, 


Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 


DHIOTJTSEJ. 


ALL    NECESSARY  ARRANGEMENTS  made 
for  the  Transportation  of  Guests   and  Bag- 
gage to   the    HOT    SPRINGS,    or  any 
part  of  LAS  VEGAS  and  Vicinity. 


The  sleeping  rooms  of  the  Hotel  are  on  the  second  floor,  and 
are  clean,  comfortable  and  have  perfect  ventilation. 


The  Table  always  supplied  with  the  Best  the  Market  affords. 

Dr.  J,  H,  SVTFIN,  Proprietor, 


WHO    IS  UNACQUAINTED,™  THE  CEOCRAPHY  O^TH.S^OUNTRY.  WILL 


CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC  R.  R. 

IS  THE  GREAT  CONNECTING  LINK  BETWEEN  THE  EAST  &  THE  WEST ! 


Its  main  line  runs  from  Chicago  to  Council 
Bluffs,  passing  through  Joliet,  Ottawa,  La  Salle, 
Geneseo.  Moline,  Rock  Island,  Davenport,  West 
Liberty.  Iowa  City. Marengo.  Brooklyn,  Grinnell, 
Des  Moines  (the  capital  of  Iowa),  Stuart,  Atlan- 
tic, and  Avoca ;  with  branches  from  Bureau 
Junction  to  Peoria;  Wilton  Junction  to  Musca- 
tine,  Washington,  Fairfleld,  Eldon,  Belknap, 
Centreville,  Princeton.  Trenton.  Gallatin.  Came- 
ron, Leavenworth,  Atchison.  and  Kansas  City; 
Washington  to  Sigourney,  Oskaloosa,  and  Knox- 
ville;  Keokuk  to  Farmington,  Bonaparte,  Ben- 
tonsport,  Independent.  Eldon,  Ottumwa,  Eddy- 
ville,  Oskaloosa.  Pella,  Monroe,  and  Des  Moines; 
Newton  to  Monroe;  Des  Moines  to  Indianolaand 
Winterset;  Atlantic  to  Lewis  and  Audubon;  and 
Avoca  to  Harlan.  This  is  positively  the  only 
Railroad,  which  owns,  and  operates  a  through 
line  from  Chicago  into  the  State  of  Kansas. 

Through  Express  Passenger  Trains,  with  Pull- 
man Palace  Cars  attached,  are  run  each  way  daily 
between  CHICAGO  and  PEORIA,  KANSAS  CITY, 
COUNCIL  BLUFFS,  LEAVENWORTH  and  ATCHI- 
SON*. Through  cars  are  also  run  between  Milwau- 
kee and  Kansas  City,  via  the  "Milwaukee  and 
Rock  Island  Short  Line." 

The  "Great  Rock  Island"  is  magnificently 
equipped.  Its  road  bed  is  simply  perfect,  and  its 
track  is  laid  with  steel  rails. 

What  will  please  you  most  will  be  the  pleasure 
of  enjoying  your  meals,  while  passing  over  the 
beautiful  prairies  of  Illinois  and  Iowa,  in  one  of 
our  magnificent  Dining  Cars  that  accompany  all 
Through  Express  Trains.  You  get  an  entire 
meal,  as  good  as  is  served  in  any  first-class  hotel, 
for  seventy-five  cents. 

Appreciating  the  fact  that  a  majority  of  the 
people  prefer  separate  apartments  for  different 
purposes  (and  the  immense  passenger  business 
of  this  line  warranting  it),  we  are  pleased  to  an- 
nounce that  this  Company  runs  Pullman  Palace 
Sleeping  Cars  for  sleeping  purposes,  and  Palace 


Dining  Cars  for  eating  purposes  only.  One  other 
great  feature  of  our  Palace  Cars  is  a  SMOKING 
SALOON  where  you  can  enjoy  your  "Havana" 
at  all  hours  of  the  day. 

Magnificent  Iron  Bridges  span  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri  rivers  at  all  points  crossed  by  this 
line,  and  transfers  are  avoided  at  Council  Bluffs, 
Kansas  City,  Leavenworth,  and  Atchison,  con- 
nections being  made  in  Union  Depots. 

THE  PRINCIPAL  R.  R.  CONNECTIONS  OF 
THIS  GREAT  THROUGH  LINE  ARE  AS 
FOLLOWS  : 

At  CHICAGO,  with  all  diverging  lines  for  the 
East  and  South. 

At  ENGLEWOOD,  with  the  L.  S.  &  M.  S.,  and  P., 
Ft.  W.  &C.  R.  Rds. 

At  WASHINGTON  HEIGHTS,  with  P.,  C.  &  St. 
L.  R.  R. 

At  LA  SALLE.  with  111.  Cent.  R.  R. 
At  PEORIA,  with  P.   P.  &  J.;  P.  D.  &  E.;  I.  B.  & 
W.;  111.  Mid.;  and  T.  P.  &  W.  Rds. 

At  ROCK  ISLAND,  with  "Milwaukee  &  Rock 
Island  Short  Line,"  and  Rock  Isl'd  &  Peo.  Rds. 

At  DAVENPORT,  with  the  Davenport  Division 
C.M.  &St.  P.  R.  K. 

At  WEST  LIBERTY,  with  theB..  C.  R.  &  N.  R.  R. 

At  GRINNELL.  with  Central  Iowa  R.  R. 

At  DES  MoiNES.  with  D.  M.  &  F.  D.  R.  R. 

At  COUNCIL  BLUFFS,  with  Union  Pacific  R.  R. 

At  OMAHA,  with  B.  &  Mo.  R.  R.  R.  in  Neb.) 

At  COLUMBUS  J  UNCTioN.with  B.,C.  R.  &  N.  R.R. 

At  OTTUMWA,  with  Central  lowaR.  R. ;  W., 
St.  L.  &  Pac..  and  C.  B.  &  Q.  R.  Rds. 

At  KEOKUK,  with  Tol.,  Peo.  &  War.;  Wab..  St. 
Louis  &  Pac.,  and  St.  L.,  Keo.  &  N.-W.  R.  Kds. 

At  CAMERON,  with  H.  St.  J.  R.  R. 

At  ATCHISON,  with  Atch..  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe; 
Atch.  &  Neb.  and  Cen.  Br.  U.  P.  R.  Rds. 

At  LEAVENWORTH,  with  Kan.  Pac.,  and  Kan. 
Cent.  R.  Rds. 

At  KANSAS  CITY,  with  all  lines  for  the  West 
and  Southwest. 


PUMPMAN   PALACE   CARS   are   run  through  to    PEORIA,    DES    MOIXES, 
COUNCIL  BL.UFFS,  KANSAS  CITY,   ATCHISON,  and  LEAVEN  WORTH. 

Tickets  via  this  Line,   known  as  the   "Great  Rock  Island  Route,"  are  sold  by 
all  Ticket  Agents  in  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

For  Information  not  obtainable  at  your  home  ticket  office,  address, 
A.    KIMBALL,  E.  ST.   JOHN, 


